Republic Day 2023: Know 15 special women who contributed significantly in the making of the Indian Constitution

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Ammu Swaminathan

Ammu Swaminathan belonged to an upper caste Hindu family in Ankara, Palghat district of Kerala. She formed the Mahila Bharat Sangh in Madras in 1917 along with Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins, Malathi Patwardhan, Dadabhoy and Ambujammal. She became a part of the Constituent Assembly in 1946 from the Madras constituency.

Dakshinayani Velayudhan

Dakshinayani Velayudhan was born on July 4, 1912 at Bolgatti Island in Cochin. She heads the Depressed Classes (erstwhile title). In 1945, Dakshinayani was nominated by the state government to the Cochin Legislative Council. She was the first and only Dalit woman to be elected to the Constituent Assembly in 1946.

Begum Ejaz Rasool

Begum Ejaz Rasool was born in a princely family in Malerkotla and was married to a young Zamindar Nawab Ejaz Rasool. She was the only Muslim woman member of the Constituent Assembly. With the enactment of the Government of India Act 1935, the Begum and her husband joined the Muslim League and entered electoral politics. In the 1937 elections, she was elected to the UP Legislative Assembly. She was elected to the Rajya Sabha in 1952 and was a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly from 1969 to 1990.

Durgabai Deshmukh

Durgabai Deshmukh was born on July 15, 1909 in Rajahmundry. When she was 12 years old, she participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement and along with Andhra Kesari T Prakasam, she participated in the Salt Satyagraha movement in Madras city in May 1930. In 1936, she founded the Andhra Mahila Sabha, which within a decade became a great institution of education and social welfare in the city of Madras.

Hansa Jivraj Mehta

Born on July 3, 1897, to Manubhai Nandshankar Mehta, the Dewan of Baroda, Hansa Mehta studied journalism and sociology in England. Apart from being a reformer and social worker, she was also a teacher and writer. He wrote many books for children in Gujarati and also translated many English stories including Gulliver’s Travels. She was elected to the Bombay School Committee in 1926 and became the President of the All India Women’s Conference in 1945-46.

Kamla Chowdhary

Kamala Chowdhary was born into an affluent family in Lucknow, however, it was still a struggle for her to continue her education. Turning away from her family’s loyalty to the imperial government, she joined the nationalists and was an active participant in the Civil Disobedience Movement launched by Gandhi in the 1930s. She was the vice-president of the All India Congress Committee in its 54th session and was elected as a member of the Lok Sabha in the late seventies. Chowdhary was also a renowned fiction writer and her stories usually dealt with the inner world of women or the emergence of India as a modern nation.

Leela Roy

Leela Roy was born in October 1900 in Goalpara, Assam. His father was a deputy magistrate and sympathized with the nationalist movement. She graduated from Bethune College in 1921 and became assistant secretary of the All Bengal Women’s Suffrage Committee, arranging meetings to demand women’s rights. In 1923, along with his friends, he founded the Deepali Sangh and established schools, which became centers of political discussion in which eminent leaders participated. Later, in 1926, the Chhatri Sangh, a federation of women students, was established in Dacca and Kolkata. She became the editor of a magazine, Jayshree.

Malti Chowdhary

Malti Chowdhary was born in 1904 in a distinguished family in the then East Bengal, now Bangladesh. In 1921, at the age of 16, Malati Chowdhary was sent to Shantiniketan where she was admitted to Visva-Bharati. During the Salt Satyagraha, Malati Chowdhary along with her husband joined the Indian National Congress and participated in the movement. He educated and communicated with the people to create an environment conducive to Satyagraha.

Poornima Banerjee

Poornima Banerjee was the secretary of the Indian National Congress Committee in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. She was one of a radical network of women from Uttar Pradesh who were at the forefront of the independence movement in the late 1930s and 40s. He was arrested for participating in Satyagraha and Quit India Movement. Another remarkable aspect of Purnima Banerjee’s speeches in the Constituent Assembly was her firm commitment to the socialist ideology. As secretary of the town committee, she was responsible for involving and organizing trade unions, farmer meetings, and working towards greater rural engagement.

Princess Amrit Kaur

Princess Amrit Kaur was born on February 2, 1889 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. She was the first Health Minister of India and she remained in that post for ten years. She was educated at Sherborne School for Girls in Dorset, England, but left everything to become Mahatma Gandhi’s secretary for 16 years. She was the founder of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) and argued for its autonomy. She was a firm believer in women’s education, their participation in sports and their health care.

Renuka Ray

Renuka Ray stayed in London to complete her BA from the London School of Economics. She presented a paper titled Legal Disability of Women in India. A petition for a commission of inquiry in the year 1934 as the legal secretary of the AIWC. From 1943 to 1946, she was a member of the Central Legislative Assembly, then the Constituent Assembly and the Provisional Parliament. In 1952–57, he served in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly as Minister for Relief and Rehabilitation. In 1957 and again in 1962, she was a member of the Lok Sabha from Malda.

Sarojini Naidu

Sarojini Naidu, also known as the Nightingale of India, was born on February 13, 1879 in Hyderabad, India. She was the first Indian woman to become the President of the Indian National Congress and the first woman to be appointed as the governor of an Indian state.

Sucheta Kriplani

Sucheta Kriplani was born in 1908 in Ambala city of present Haryana. He is especially remembered for his role in the Quit India Movement of 1942. Kripalani also established the women’s wing of the Congress Party in 1940. After independence, Kriplani’s political career included serving as an MP from New Delhi and then as Minister of Labour, Community Development and Industries in the state government of Uttar Pradesh.

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was born on August 18, 1900 in Allahabad and was the sister of Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. He was imprisoned by the British on three different occasions in 1932–1933, 1940 and 1942–1943. Pandit’s political career began with his election to the Allahabad Municipal Board. In 1936, she was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the United Provinces, and in 1937 became Minister of Local Self-Government and Public Health, the first Indian woman to become a cabinet minister.

Annie Mascarine

Annie Mascarene was born in a Latin Catholic family in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. She was the first woman to be a part of the Travancore State Congress Working Committee. She was one of the leaders of the movements for independence and integration with the Indian nation in the state of Travancore.

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