Research has shown that air pollution poses the biggest threat to health.
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According to a study by the European Environment Agency, air pollution poses the greatest threat to the global population, especially in urban areas, with short-term and long-term exposure linked to various diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) notes a link between air pollution and conditions such as stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer and even Alzheimer’s disease. In particular, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been identified as a significant health concern, affecting 97% of urban residents above WHO guidelines in 2021, the study noted.
Threats to adolescent development
Children and adolescents face risks as they develop, making them more vulnerable to health effects. Despite this, they have limited ability to influence air quality policies or protect themselves. In 2020, an estimated 238,000 premature deaths in the EU were attributable to PM2.5, representing a 45% reduction from 2005.
Energy consumption, especially in residential, commercial and institutional sectors, was the primary source of particulate matter in 2020. Specifically, PM10 and PM2.5 emissions fell by 30% and 32%, respectively, between 2005 and 2020.
In response to the worrying situation, WHO and the European Union (EU) have introduced new air quality guidelines and standards. The EU’s commitment to the Zero Pollution Action Plan aims to reduce premature deaths by more than 55% by 2030 compared to 2005 and reduce the impact on biodiversity. Strict air quality standards are also considered important to achieve the objectives outlined in Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan.
Encouragingly, the past trend from 2005 to 2020 indicates a 33% reduction in premature deaths due to PM2.5 exposure in the EU-27. If this positive trajectory continues, the net zero pollution target can be achieved by 2032, which is an important milestone in combating the adverse effects of air pollution.
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