Today is World Tuberculosis Day,

World Tuberculosis Day: Tuberculosis (TB) is such a serious disease that it is necessary to identify it in the early stages and treat it. If it is not stopped in the initial stage, it can also prove fatal. Due to this, World Tuberculosis Day is celebrated every year on 24 March with the aim of spreading awareness about TV among the people. Know about the symptoms of this disease and ways to prevent it…

• In 1882, on March 24, German scientist Robert Koch discovered the TB bacteria.
• In 1905, he was also awarded the Nobel Prize for this discovery.
• In 2019, more than 1 crore TB patients were found worldwide, out of which 14 lakh patients died.
• Nearly 90 thousand deaths occurred due to tuberculosis in 2019, according to WHO’s ‘Global Tuberculosis Report 2020’.
• In 2020, 18.05 lakh cases of TB were reported in the country, while 24.03 lakh cases were reported in 2019, according to the ‘Annual TB Report 2021’ released by the Union Health Ministry.
• In comparison to 2019, there was a decrease of about 25% in the number of TB patients in 2020. This is because the lowest number of TB cases were recorded in the two months of lockdown.

In 2019, 26% of the total TB cases found in the world were from India, that is, every fourth TB patient found in the world in 2019 was an Indian. Indonesia was at second place and China was at third place.

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Country Percentage of patients
India 26%
Indonesia 8.5%
China 8.4%
Philippines 6%
Pakistan 5.7%
Nigeria 4.4%
Bangladesh 3.6%
South Africa 3.6%
other 33.8%

There are two types of this disease
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease, whose bacteria spread through air and breath. This tuberculosis disease also spreads through particles released from the mouth when sneezing and coughing. There was a time when TB was an incurable disease, but now its treatment is possible. There are two types of this disease-

Pulmonary TB: It affects the lungs. According to health experts, pulmonary TB is contagious.
Extra pulmonary TB: This occurs in other parts of the body. This TB patient does not pose a risk of infection to other people.

Recognize early symptoms

• Tiredness
• Fever
• Chronic cough for three or more weeks.
• Coughing up blood.
• Chest pain or pain while breathing or coughing.
• persistent weight loss
• Dizziness
• night sweats
• feeling cold
• loss of appetite

Risk factors that increase the risk

• HIV / AIDS
• diabetes
• kidney problem
• cancer
• Medicines given after organ transplant
• malnutrition

Target to make India TB free by 2025
‘TB Free India Campaign’ was launched by the government in March 2018. The world has set a target to eliminate TB by 2030 and India by 2025.

Patients should know about DOTS

DOTS i.e. ‘Directly Observed Treatment Short Course’ is a campaign for the treatment of TB. This includes free testing and treatment of TB. Under this, health workers give medicines to the patient in front of them, counsel the patient and his family and keep an eye on the patient after treatment. In this, up to 95 percent successful treatment is achieved.

The most important thing is to complete the treatment
In the treatment of tuberculosis, it is most important that the patient continues the treatment until the disease is cured. If treatment is left midway, bacteria develop resistance against drugs and treatment becomes very difficult.

Adopt these methods for protection

• Get children vaccinated with BCG.
• Avoid coming in contact with TB patients.
• Do not use the patient’s bed, towel etc. and do not sleep in the same room as the TV.
• If someone is diagnosed with TB, they should avoid going to public places.
• Use mask.
• Stay in touch with the doctor and complete the treatment.

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