How many types of narcissists are there? A psychology expert set the record straight
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Others argue that these are more appropriately considered manifestations of narcissism present in both ostentatious and vulnerable narcissism. Finally, many of these articles describe narcissism by resorting to specific expressions of ostentatious or vulnerable narcissism.
Our interest in narcissism has never been higher, Google searches for the term “narcissist” have steadily increased over the past decade. The term has become part of everyday speech, often used casually to describe celebrities, politicians and former associates. A byproduct of our growing interest in narcissism is curiosity about what types of narcissistic people exist. But this is where things get complicated. A Google search for “types of narcissists” yields wildly different results. Some websites describe at least three types. The list of others goes up to 14. What is a narcissist? The word “narcissism” comes from the Greek myth of Narcissus, a boy who fell in love with his own reflection. Over the past century, concepts of narcissism have evolved.
It is now regarded as a collection of personality traits characterized by ostentatiousness, entitlement, and callousness. The term “narcissist” is used to describe someone who scores high on these traits. A narcissistic person may also meet the diagnostic criteria for narcissistic personality disorder, a mental health diagnosis that affects approximately 1% of the population. It is broadly described as a pervasive pattern of displaying grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy. Importantly, not all narcissistic people have narcissistic personality disorder. How many types of narcissism are there? Symptoms There are two main types of narcissism (which are different from narcissistic personality disorder).These are ostentatious narcissism and weak narcissism. Showy narcissism is associated with a superior sense of self, aggression, and dominance. Vulnerable narcissism is characterized by heightened emotional sensitivity and a defensive and insecure superiority complex that hides feelings of inadequacy.
Recent models have identified three main components of narcissism that help explain the similarities and differences between both demonstrative and vulnerable narcissism. Contradiction is common to both grandiose and feeble narcissism. It is associated with traits such as arrogance, possessiveness, exploitation and lack of empathy. Agentic extroversion is unique to grandiose narcissism. It is associated with traits such as possessiveness, superiority, and exhibitionism. Narcissistic neuroticism is typical of vulnerable narcissism. It is associated with fragile self-esteem and a tendency to experience negative emotions and shame. When high scores converge on each of these components, a person will likely meet the diagnostic criteria for Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Furthermore, while diagnostic criteria emphasize the superior aspects of narcissistic personality disorder, clinicians speak of fluctuations between both strong and weak narcissism in people with the disorder. There is little difference between Vulnerable Narcissism and Borderline Personality Disorder, particularly in terms of its causes and the personality traits displayed.
A person who scores high for only weak narcissism is more likely to be diagnosed with borderline personality disorder than with narcissistic personality disorder. Are there other types of narcissistic people? Given the consensus in psychology on the two main types of symptom narcissism described above (which sit alongside the clinical diagnosis of Narcissistic Personality Disorder), we can cite several sources describing other “types” of narcissism. How can you calculate? First and foremost is the proliferation of psychology articles that describe forms of narcissism for which there is no good evidence. They include terms such as “cerebral narcissist”, “physiological narcissist”, “seductive narcissist” and “spiritual narcissist”. But searching for these terms in the peer-reviewed academic literature turns up no evidence that they are valid forms of narcissism. Some articles also use terms that are often considered synonymous with superiority and inferiority complex.
This probably comes from early literature, which used a number of terms to describe types of narcissism. A 2008 review identified over 50 different labels used to describe types of narcissism. Conceptually, however, each of these labels can be mapped onto demonstrative or vulnerable narcissism. Often you will see descriptions of “overt” and “overt”, sometimes with descriptions of ostentatious and vulnerable narcissists. Some researchers have proposed overt and covert narcissism as analogous to overt and vulnerable narcissism. Others argue that these are more appropriately considered manifestations of narcissism present in both ostentatious and vulnerable narcissism. Finally, many of these articles describe narcissism by resorting to specific expressions of ostentatious or vulnerable narcissism.
These descriptions suggest that each of these are mutually exclusive types of narcissism, when in fact they should be thought of as aspects of ostentatious and/or vulnerable narcissism. In other words, they are examples of how narcissism can be expressed. However, online articles that misrepresent and classify narcissism are not intended. This material promotes armchair psychologists, who are ready to label anyone “narcissist” who they perceive to be exhibiting narcissistic traits. Even when applied accurately in clinical settings, diagnostic labels are not always useful. They may discourage people from seeking mental health help.
Disclaimer:IndiaTheNews has not edited this news. This news has been published from PTI-language feed.
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